انجليزى – unit 9 للصف الثالث الثانوى 2016

Unit 9

The Power of Nature

Reading: The Power of Nature

 For most people, the word weather means the sun, rain, wind or snow.  If you live in southern Europe or Africa, you know that temperatures are higher and there is less rain than if you live in northern Europe or Canada.  It is unusual for a weather forecast to surprise us

 However, strange weather can occur all over the world.  For example, people have seen giant pieces of ice falling from the sky. And what would you think if you saw a ball of light as big as a football on a plane, or floating through your home?  Weather experts called these ball lightning

 Some storms are very unusual and may cause terrible damage.  The English town of Dunwich was once an important port, but in the fourteenth century, high waves and violent storms hit the area and most of the town disappeared beneath the sea.  The worst storm in Britain, in 1703, killed more than 8000 people. The worst flood in history was in 1887 in China when the Yellow River flooded and killed around a million people

 Unusual weather is becoming more common, with very high or low temperatures and very heavy rainfall all over the world.  This causes serious droughts in some places and floods in others.  However, this is not a modern phenomenon: in Europe in the eighteenth century, there was a Little Ice Age when rivers like the River Thames in England froze

 What will happen to our weather in the future?  No one really knows, but one day ‘unusual’ weather may not be unusual anymore

Vocabulary

Confusable Words

.Ex: Drought cause serious damage to crops in many countries in Africa

     .Can you shut the door? There’s a draught in here

.Ex: Our economic situation has improved recently

      ?What’s the most economical way of heating this building

.Ex: His sight was completely restored by the operation

      .A man carrying a donkey is a strange sight

      .We went to Rome to see the sights

      .There’s an excellent view from our bedroom window

?Ex: What’s the weather like this morning

     .Let me know whether you can come or not

.Ex: When I saw him in the party, he was wearing his black suit

     .We wear heavy clothes in winter

    .While I was putting on my coat, the phone rang

    زPut on your shoes, Ali. We’re leaving now

     (Women take a long time to dress (get dressed

     ?She dresses beautifully, doesn’t she

    ?Could you dress the children for me

Language Functions

:Choose the correct answer *

.(The best thing about our holiday to Iceland was our visit to see the (geyser-chaser-Caesar-gesture -

.If it rains so hard that the soil cannot (drink-eat-absorb-provide) water quickly enough, there are floods -

.When there is an (atmosphere-eclipse-echo-idea) of the sun, everything goes dark and the birds stop singing -

.You cannot see ultraviolet (rats-rites-rays-razors), but they can still damage your skin -

.(She does not need to wear glasses. There is nothing wrong with her (sight-hearing-smell-taste -

:Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write it correctly *

The sun is incredible strong.                                                               Incredibly

  Lighting is the light you see during an electric storm.                      lightning

 A gypsy is a hole in the earth from which hot water can rise.           Geyser

 An ecstasy occurs when the sun or moon seems to disappear, because one of them is passing between the other and the Earth.                                                                                                 Eclipse

  The river floated and killed thousands of people.                              Flooded

Grammar

Conditional If

الحالة الصفرية     The Zero Conditional

تستخدم هذه الحالة للتعبير عن المواقف التى تكون صحيحة دائما مثل قوانين الطبيعة و الفيزياء و الكيمياء و الفلك……. الخ.

 مضارع بسيط present simple <ـــــــ مضارع بسيط If + present simple

.If you heat ice, it melts

الحالة الأولى   The First Conditional 

.will / shall /can / may + inf  <ــــــ  مضارع بسيط  +  If / Unless 

Ÿ تعبر الحالة الأولى عن أحداث محتملة فى المستقبل.

.If it rains, we’ll get wet -

.If she works hard, she will pass the test -

.Unless he works hard, he won’t succeed -

الحالة الثانية    The Second Conditional

زwould/could/might/should +inf <ــــــ  ماضى بسيط   If + past simple

   .If you walked all the way, it would take about three hours -

  .I would go to the beach if it were summer -

Ÿ تعبر الحالة الثانية عن أحداث ممكنة و لكنها غير محتملة فى الحاضر أو المستقبل

   .I would watch the football match if they showed it on television -

     (I do not think they will show it)

Ÿ كما تعبر عن أشياء غير حقيقية أو مستحيلة

   .If I were you, I’d listen to the weather forecast before going for a picnic -

      (.I am not you and can never be you)

Ÿ لاحظ استخدام were  مع المفرد للدلالة على الاستحالة

Ÿتستخدم الحالة الثانية If I were you  للنصيحة

   .If I were you, I’d look for another job -

Ÿ يمكن استخدام were  بدلا من if مع ملاحظة أن were هى فعل الجملة الأساسى

  .Were I younger, I’d play football with you -

Ÿ إذا كان فعل الجملة فعل آخر غير were  نستخدم were  ثم الفاعل ثم  to + inf.

 .Were it to rain, the match would be postponed -

Ÿ يمكن أن نستخدم  had  بدلا من  if

   .Had he enough time, he would go to the club -

Ÿلاحظ  صيغة الاستفهام مع if

  ?What would you do if you won a lot of money -

 Ÿيمكن استخدام  should بدلا من if و يليها فاعل ثم مصدر

   .Should he play well, he would win -

الحالة الثالثة   The Third Conditional

.would/could/might/should +have +p.p ماضى تام  If + past perfect

  .If you hadn’t phoned, I wouldn’t have known you were back from your holiday -

   .If you hadn’t gone to that school, I wouldn’t have met you -

Ÿ تعبر الحالة الثالثة عن حدث خيالى فى الماضى.

    .If it had continued raining, the town would have flooded -

      (But it didn’t continue raining and the town didn’t flood)

   .If he had been taller, he would have been a basketball player -

      (.But he is / wasn’t taller and he didn’t become a basketball player)

Ÿلاحظ  صيغة الاستفهام مع if

   ?What would you have done if you had won a lot of money -

Ÿ يمكن أن نستخدم  had  بدلا من  if و يليها فاعل ثم تصريف ثالث

   (If he had played well, he would have won.  (Had -

      .Had he played well, he would have won

* ملاحظات:

Ÿ تنطبق حالات if   الثلاثة على unless  و يأتى بعدها جملة مثبتة

.Unless Peter improves, he will fail the exam -

  .Unless he were lazy, he wouldn’t fail the exam -

 .Unless he had worked hard, he wouldn’t have succeeded -

Ÿ لاحظ الفرق بين in case / in case of فى الاستخدام:

  .In case of having enough money, he will buy a car -

   .Take this money in case you need it -

Ÿ لاحظ التعبيرات التالية.

.But for the Nile, Egypt would be a desert -

    .If it weren’t for the Nile, Egypt would be a desert -

.Without his hard work, he wouldn’t have succeeded -

    .If it hadn’t been for his hard work, he wouldn’t have succeeded -

* أدوات شرط أخرى:

طالما   as long as  /فقط اذا   only if  / بشرط أن on condition that  

 فى حالة   in the event that  / بشرط أن   provided  providing 

.You can stay with us as long as you share the rent -

.You can drive my car only if you drive carefully -

.I’ll lend you the money on condition that you return it within 6 months -

.In the event that he wins the prize, he will probably celebrate the event -

.She will pass her exams provided / providing she studies hard -

:Choose the correct answer *

.If you look at the sun, you (would-will-would have-might have) damage your sight -

.If there (had been-were-are-have been) clouds in the sky tonight, you will not be able to see the moon -

.If it had been an eclipse, the sky (would have gone-will go-might go-should go) dark -

.If I (had discovered-discovered-discover-have discovered) a planet, I would give it my aunt’s name -

.Unless-Without-If-In case of) there was an eclipse of the sun in my country, I would definitely watch it) -

:Find the mistake in each of the following sentences, then write it correctly *

If he is a lawyer, he could help you.                                will -

 If he had enough money, he will buy a car.                  would -

If you hurry up, you’ll miss the train.                           unless -

 He could help you if he is a doctor.                                  can -

  I would write to him if I know his address.                   knew -

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