انجليزى – Unit 6 للصف الثالث الثانوى 2016

Reading

?Why do we need trees

.Bark : the hard outside part of a tree

Harden : to become firm and stiff

Ring : an object in the shape of a circle

Tube : a pipe that liquids or gases go through

Cardboard : very stiff thick paper , used especially for making boxes

Instrument : something such as a piano used for producing musical sounds

Product : something that is grown or made to be sold

Rubber : a substance used for making tyres , boots etc

.Sap : is the liquid that carries food in trees

Toothpaste : a substance used for cleaning your teeth

Turpentine : a strong smelling liquid used for removing paint

Calculate : to find out something or measure something by using numbers

Extract : to remove something

Width : the distance from one side of something to the other

Branch : a part of a tree that grows out from the trunk

Fruit : grows on a plant ot tree and has seeds inside

Leaves : are the flat green parts at the nd of the branches of a tree

.Roots : are the parts of trees that grow under the ground and find water

Listening

Tape script

Presenter : In today’s Natural World Professor Jeremy Beech is going to answer listener’s questions about trees .Welcome to the programme

.Prof.Beech : Hello

?Presenter : Can we have our first question , please

?Female caller  : Hello. I’d like to ask the Professor about the tallest tree in the world .Where is it and how tall is it

Prof.Beech : The tallest tree in the world is the Giant Sequoia and it’s in California .It’s 83.8 metres tall .Scientists say it is between 2.300 and 2.700 years old

.Presenter : That’s incredible . Now , let’s move on to our second caller

.Boy caller : Hello .i know a tree’s leaves help it to take in light from the sun .But I’d like to ask what the bark of a tree does

Prof .Beech : Well, the bark is like our skin –it protects the living part of the tree and the tubes which carry water from a tree’s roots to its leaves .If the bark is badly damaged , the tree dies .Animals such as goats love eating bark , so it’s especially important to keep animals away from younger trees

?Presenter : Thank you .What’s the next question

Male caller : Hi, I’d like to ask :how is it possible to calculate the age of a tree by counting its rings , without cutting the tree down

.Presenter : Good question .Perhaps you could start by explaining what the rings are that this caller is referring to

Prof .Beech : Well, most trees grow bigger every year .Just under the bark there’s a circle of soft cells which hardens every spring or summer .This forms a ring of new wood each year .This means we can calculate the age of the tree by counting the rings

?Presenter : You can see the rings if you cut the tree down .But how do you do this without killing the tree

 Prof .Beech : We can drill into the tree to make a deep, narrow hole .We then extract a very thin  piece of wood which does no damage to the tree

?Presenter : And are the rings the same width every year

Prof .Beech : No, they aren’t .The width depends on the climate and the amount of rain .If there’s a lot of rain during the year , the rings are quite wide .If it’s a dry year , the rings are narrower .In this way we can find out what the weather was like hundreds of years ago when the tree was younger

.Presenter : Really ? Well, I’m afraid that’s all we have time for in today’s programme .Thanks to everyone

Language Notes

Expressions

:Exercise: Choose the correct answer

 .means the increase in the heat of the Earth —————————-

( Globalization – Nationalization – Global warming – Immunity )

.The violin and the lute are both ————————— instruments

( music – musician – musicians – musical )

.They ———————— the piano and performed well

( played – made – did – answered )

.He —————————- to climb the tree with great difficulty

( able – managed – capable – could )

(We must keep animals ————————- from young plants. ( on – in – up – away

(Ayman and Samy are the same ————————– ( old – young – edge – age
 
.We use ———————– to make boxes

( cardboard – dashboard – blackboard – board )

(Tyres and boots are made of ——————————–( rubber – oil – iron – glass

.You can use ————————— to brush your teeth

( toothpaste – flour – milk – shaving paste )

.The —————————– are the parts of the trees that grow underground

( roots– nuts – fruits – branches )

(The hard outside part of a tree is called ——————–( bark – branch – fruit – roots

.Every year, Trees grow extra —————————– of new wood

( branches – trees – rings – roots )

.The new trousers are too long , so my mother is going to ———————– it

( short – shorten – shortens – shortening )

 ——————————— The liquid that carries food in trees is

( sad – sat – sap – sin )

.The——————————- is a musical instrument

( paint – piano – jug – mug )

.They used —————————– to remove paint

( toothpaste – rubber – turpentine – cardboard )

.Goats and other animals  can ——————– tress by damaging the bark

( eat – kill – water – freeze )

.The more rain there is in a year , the ——————– the tree rings are

( narrower – wider – taller – shorter )

.The ——————— of the rings depends on the climate and amount of rain

( wide – width – length – age )

—————————- If the bark is badly damaged , the tree 

( sleeps – dies – runs – walks )

:Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write it correctly

 Trees help the earth to breathing.                         breathe

 Trees protect us from global warm.                      warming

Trees give us valuable chemistry.                         chemicals

Sap can be used to make rub.                                    rubber

  They excrete wood from trees.                                  extract

 The trunk forms a new circle of wood every year.             ring

    Millions of trees are cut out every year.                               down

    Wood is good for making musical machines.               instruments

    We make paper out from wood from trees.                            of

We can use wood as a fool for cooking and heating.           fuel

Wood produces can be turned into paper and cardboard.                   products

My hands hardness when I was working on the farm.                         hardened

Every year soft shells below the bark of a tree form new wood.             cells

The more rain there is in a year, the narrower the tree rings are,          wider

Turpentine is used as a paint mover.                                     remover

What’s the climate like today?                                                 weather

The Great Pyramid is 150 metres in high.                              height

The roots take out water from the earth for the tree.              in

A tub is a pipe that liquids or gases go through.                      tube

I’d like buying a new mobile.                                                         to buy

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IF                                                                                                

:Exercise 

(1-Choose the correct answer : (WB – SB

 .If scientists study the rings of trees , they ……..information about climate in the past

        a) would find                 b) finds                       c) can find                      d) could find

 .If there is not much rain in a year , the rings in a tree ………close together

        a) are                            b) will be                     c) would be                    d) would have been

   .If they extract a thin piece of wood from the tree , they ……….its age without cutting it down

        a) calculate                   b) can calculate          c) would calculate          d) calculating

.The tree won’t fall over in strong winds if it …………deep roots

        a) has had                    b) have                        c) had                            d) has

   …………… The tree dies if the bark of it

        a) destroys                   b) destroyed                c) is destroyed              d) was destroyed

.If you pick those apples now , they ……….very sweet. You have to wait

        a) will taste                   b) won’t taste               c) would taste               d) tastes

 .If you leave now , you ………..your train

        a) will catch                  b) would catch              c) might catch              d) catch

 .Water freezes if the temperature ………….zero or below

        a) will be                      b) are                            c)is                               d) would be

  If you throw that stone , you …………… a window

        a) may break               b) would break              c) breaks                     d) are breaking

 .I ………….a headache if I spend too long on the computer

        a) will get                     b) gets                           c) get                          d) would get

 .If she trains hard , she …………… next week’s race

        a) wins                         b) would win                  c) could win                d) will win

.If you ……………..  red and white , you get pink

(mix – mixed – had mixed – mixes )

.You …………………  see the rings if you cut the tree down

(would – can - doesn’t – is)

.If there is a lot of rain during the year , the rings ……………… quite wide

(become - have become – will become – can become )

………………… If those goats eat the bark of my trees, the trees

 ( die - will die – would die – dies)

 .If water freezes , it …………………… into ice

(will turn – would turn – turned – turns)

.If people …………………. , they become ill

( don’t get  – doesn’t get – didn’t get – haven’t got )

  ………………… If it goes on raining for much longer , the river

( would flood - may flood – flood – flooded)

.If you look at the sun, you …………………  damage your sight

(would – will - would have – might have )

.If there …………………….. clouds in the sky tonight, you will not be able to see the moon

(had been – were – are - have been )

:Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write it correctly

If it will rain, we will get wet.                                                           rains

If you leave now, you catch your train.                                       will catch

Water will freeze if the temperature is zero or below.              freezes

If you throw that stone, you break a window.                          will break

I would get a headache if I use the computer for too long.          get

If she trains hard, she wins next week’s race.                            will win

 If you’ll mix red and white, you get pink.                                         mix

If you will water plants regularly they grow well.                      water

If you heat water to 100 º C it will boil.                                           boils

If you will eat an apple every day, you’ll be very healthy.          eat

She looks completely different if she cuts her hair.                  will look

You get heart disease if you eat too much meat.                        will get

You don’t pass the course if you don’t study.                            will not pass

If I cook some eggs, how many did you eat?                             will you eat

  If you do not study, you would fail the test.                                      Will

 If you look in the fridge, you would find some cold drinks.           will

If there was no oil in the engine, the car will break down.               is

I will lend you my umbrella if you will need it.                                  need

The sea level would rise if the planet gets hotter.                             rises

You be safe in an accident if you wear your seatbelt.                       will be

Language Functions

:Example

?A –Can you tell me how to plant a tree

B – 1- First of all, dig a hole where you want to plant the tree. The hole must be deep and wide enough for the roots of your tree

:Respond to each of the following situations

.You give your friend instructions about how to make tea the English way -

.You ask your friend about how to plant a tree -

.Your friend asks you how to operate the computer -

.you tell your friend about the best way to switch off the computer -

Important Sentences

.The roots are the parts of trees that grow under the ground and find water -

.The hard outside part of a tree is called the bark -

.leaves are the flat green parts at the ends of the branches of a tree -

.A fruit grows on a plant or tree and has seeds inside -

.Every year, trees grow extra rings of new wood -

.Every year, the cells under the bark of a tree harden and become new wood -

.This road is too narrow for all today’s traffic, so they are going to widen it -

.That old bridge over the river is very weak. They will have to strengthen it soon -

.My new trousers are too long, so my mother is going to shorten them for me -

.The knife doesn’t cut very well. I need to sharpen it -

.That film is so popular that the queues to see it lengthen every day -

.My favourite musical instrument is the piano -

.The cover of my book is made of cardboard -

.Put some toothpaste on a brush, and then clean your teeth for two full minutes -

.If you leave bread out too long, it will harden -

.The wide rings in a tree indicate a lot of rainfall -

.The hard part of a tree is called the bark -

.If I read for too long, I get a headache -

.If a tree has deep roots, it won’t fall over in strong winds -

.If the bark of a tree is destroyed, the tree dies -

.If you pick those apples now, they won’t taste very sweet -

.If water freezes, it turns into ice -

.If there isn’t any rain, fields get dry -

.If you hurry, you will catch the train -

.If I am thirsty, I drink water-

.If he doesn’t get eight hours sleep every night, he feels really tired the next day -

.If I have any free time tomorrow, I’ll go for a walk in the park -

.If it isn’t too hot tomorrow, I might go swimming -

.If you don’t wear glasses ,your eyes will suffer -

.If you heat paper to the right temperature, it burns -

.If you want to succeed, study hard -

.Should you study hard, you will succeed -

.If the moon lies between the earth and the sun, there is an eclipse