المراجعة النهائية فى مادة الكيمياء لغات - الجزء الثامن

المراجعة النهائية فى مادة الكيمياء لغات - الجزء الثامن



9) Picric acid

OH OH
O2N NO2
+ 3HNO3 Conc.H2SO4 . + 3H2O

NO2
Carbolic acid Tri-nitrophenol (picric acid)

Alcohols react with conc. H2SO4 and the products depends on the temp. of the reaction
C2H5OH + H2SO4 80 C C2H5 HSO4 + H2O
ethyl hydrogen sulphate
2C2H5OH H2SO4 (140 C) C2H5—O—C2H5 + H2O
Diethyl ether
C2H5OH H2SO4 (180 C) C2H4 + H2O
Ethylene

Ammonolysis

Reaction between ester and ammonia to form acid amide and alcohol
CH3COOC2H5 + NH3 CH3CONH2 + C2H5OH
Ethyl acetate ester Acetamide ethyl alcohol
C6H5COOCH3 + NH3 C6H5CONH2 + CH3OH
Methyl benzoate ammonia benzamide methanol


T.N.T.
CH3 CH3
O2N N2O
+ 3HNO3 + 3H2O

NO2 trinitrotoluene (T.N.T)

1- Groups direct to ortho and para position:
Alkyl – Hydroxyl – Amino – Halogens
Ex:
CH3 CH3 CH3
Cl
+ 2Cl2 + + 2HCl

Cl
Toluene ortho chloro toluene para chloro toluene

2- Groups direct to meta position:
Aldehydic – Ketonic – Carboxylic – Nitro groups
Ex:
NO2 NO2
+ Cl2 + HCl

Cl meta chloro nitrobenzene
--
1) CH3-CH2-OH 2) CH3-CH2-CH2-OH 3) CH3-CH-OH
CH3
4) CH2-CH-OH
CH3 CH3 5) CH3-CH-CH2-OH
CH3 6) CH3-C(CH3)2OH

Choose from the table
1- Compounds oxidized to aldehydes then acids
2- Compounds doesn't oxidized by normal oxidizing agents
3- compounds oxidized to ketons

Answer
1- Compounds numbers 1, 2 and 5
2- Compounds numbers 6
3- Compounds numbers 3 and 4

No. of hydrogen moles neended to saturate
a) Benzene b) 2- butene c) 2-pentyne

Answer
a) 3 moles b) one mole c) 2 moles