انجليزى unit 4 – part 2 للصف الثالث الثانوى 2016

انجليزى unit 4 – part 2 للصف الثالث الثانوى 2016

Past Tenses: Active & Passive

Past simple  الماضي البسيـط

   الماضي البسيـط:ـ  هـوالتصـريــف الثاني للفعـل بإضـافـة  (    d – ed – ied)    للفعـل مـا عـدا الأفعـال الشـاذة .
I visited my uncle last week.                        She played football yesterday.
   إذا انتهـى الفعــل بحـــرف ساكـن مسبــوق بحــرف متحــرك يضـاعـف الحــرف الساكــن .
travel travelled stop stopped
     يستخـدم  في الجمـلة الشـرطـيـة في الحـالـة الثـانيـة مـن قـاعـدة  If  .
If he played well, he would win the match.
     يستخـدم مـع   wish   ليـدل علـى أن الأمنيــة أو الافتـراض غيـــر حقيقي .
I wish I were a doctor.

used to + inf
used to + inf

• اعتاد أن   ( فعــل ) ( يعبر عن عادة كانت تحدث فى الماضي ولم تعد تحدث الآن)
  

I used to play football when I was young.
He used to be a driver, but now he isn’t.
didn’t use to + inf

• في النفي نستخـدم
  

I didn’t use to play football when I was young.
He didn’t use to be fat but now he is.

Did +فاعل  + use to + inf

• وفي الاستفهام  نستخـدم
  

?Did she use to cry a lot when she was a baby

• تستخدم  no longer  بدلا مـن   used to  ويأتي بعدها الفعل في المضارع البسيط المثبت.
  

He used to live here. ( no longer )
He no longer lives here.

• تستخدم  any more   ـany longer  بدلا من   used to مع نفى الفعل في المضارع البسيط و تأتى في نهاية الجملة.
  

He used to live here. (any more)


He doesn’t live here any more.


   الكلمــات الدالــة  عليـــه:ـ

yesterday
أمس
in the past
في الماضي
last  + زمنيةمدة
الماضي
ago
منذ  ـ  فيما مضى
in ancient times
في العصور القديمة

once
ذات مرة
one day
في يوم ما
Last week He gave a party.
I visited my uncle a week ago.
     يستخدم مع التعبيرات  الآتية  ويعتبر ماضي غير حقيقي
I wish      + فاعل    + ماضي بسيط
It’s time  + فاعل    + ماضي بسيط
I would rather    + فاعل   +ماضي بسيط
I wish Ali played well.
It’s time he arrived.
I would rather she helped him.

  الماضى البسيط فى المبنى للمجهول :ـ
( was – were ) + pp
Active
:  She cleaned the room.


Passive
:  The room was cleaned by her.


    نفى الماضي البسيــط:ـ  عنـد نفـى الماضي البسيـط نستخــدم )inf +didn’t).
I finished my work.
She won the cup yesterday.
I didn’t finish my work.
She didn’t win the cup yesterday.


الأفعـــالالشـــاذة

    أفعـال تصـريفاتهـا الثـلاثـة واحـدة مثـل:
put
put
put
cut
cut
cut
shut
shut
shut
hit
hit
hit
let
let
let
read
read
read
    أفعـال ذات تغيـر واحـد مثـل:
buy
bought
bought
catch
caught
caught
bring
brought
brought
build
built
built
sleep
slept
slept
meet
met
met
hear
heard
heard
  أفعـال تصـريفاتهـا الثـلاثـة مختـلفــة مثـل:
eat
ate
eaten
drink
drank
drunk
swim
swam
swum
fall
fell
fallen
write
wrote
written
draw
drew
drawn
speak
spoke
spoken

 الماضي المستمـر

 Past Continuous

    يتكـون مـن
was – were + (v+ing )
I was playing football .
They were playing tennis.

    الكلمـات الـدالـة عليـه:ـ


past simple    حـدث مستمر وقطعه حدث آخـر
pastcontinuous
As – While
past continuous

Past simple
When
While I was watching TV, the light went out .         ( When )
When the light went out I was watching TV .


While  + ( v + ing )  past simple  إذا لـم يوجــد فاعـــل
While I was running to catch the train I lost my money .
While running to catch the train I lost my money .
    ملحوظـة:ـ يكـون زمني الجملـة ماضي مستمـر إذا لم يقطـع أحـدهمـا الآخــر.
While mother was cooking, father was reading a story .  ( During )

During + ( v+ing )

v     تسـتخـدم بـدلا مـن ( while  ) .
During mother’s cooking, father was reading a story .
While father was reading the paper, mother was cooking.
v     يمكن أن يكون الحدثين مع  when في الماضي البسيط:
When he arrived , he found the door locked.
v     يمكن استخدام On بدلا من when و يأتي يعدها. ( V + ing )
When he arrived , he found the door locked. (On …)
On arriving, he found the door locked.
الفعل بعد  and يأخذ نفس شكل الفعل الذي يسبقها:
He was writing a letter and listening to some music.
She has finished work and gone home.
لاحظ عدم استخدام to Be في الماضي المستمر:
While I was at school, I worked to a plan.
  الماضى المستمر فى المبنى للمجهول :ـ
( was – were ) + being  +  pp
Active
: The gardener was picking the flowers.

Passive
: The flowers were being picked by the gardener.

Active
: He was reading the story when they arrived.


Passive
: The story was being read when they arrived.

Present Perfect

    المضـارع التـام:ـ  هـو فعــل حــدث في الماضي ومـازال له أثــر أو نتيجـة تـدل عليـه ويتكـون مـن :
haveـ has + pp

She has cooked lunch                      I have studied English.
    We have done out homework.                      They have mended their car.
    الكلمـات الدالـة عليـه :ـ
just
توا ـ حالا
already
بالفعل
ever
دوما
since
منذ
so far
حتى الآن
yet
بعد
never
أبدا
for
لمدة
lately
حديثا
recently
حديثا
up till now
حتى الآن

     و يستخدم إذا بدأت الجملة بمـا يلـي :
It’s ( This ) is the only…
It’s – This is the first ( second…) time..
In recent years
In the last few years – months
over the ages – over the years – over the centuries
علي مر العصور ـ السنين  ـ  القرون
They haven’t won the prize so far.
He has just arrived.
We have already bought a new car.
She has already finished work.
She just ( leave ) the house.            ( Correct )
She has just left the house.             ( Negative )

     تنـفـى   just -  already   بـ    not — – — yet   مـع  حـذفهمـا .
She hasn’t left the house yet.
just = a moment ago = a short time ago
He has just arrived.              ( a moment ago )
I arrived a moment ago.
I ever ( meet ) my friends.               ( Correct )
I have ever met my friends.            ( Negative )
     تنـفـى   ever  بـ   never  مــع حـذفهــا .
I have never met my friends.
recently lately
     تستخـدمـان بمعنى في الماضي القريـب وغـالبـا تستخـدم   lately   في النفي.
I have been to Cairo recently.            I haven’t met him lately.
Have you gone to Luxor lately / recently ?
have been ذهـب وعـاد    have gone   ذهـب ولم يعـد
He has been to London .                     ( He is here now )
He has gone to London .                     ( He is there now )


Since  &  For

Since
12 o’clock
For
two hours
October
four months
7th august
three weeks
2000
8 years
he arrived
ages
then
a long time
last ………………
the last …………..
For
بعــدهـا مـده زمنيـه كـامـلة( محددة )
I have played for two hours.
She has studied for five hours.
    لاحــظ:  استخــدامfor في هـذه الجمـلة لوجــود the قبــل المـدة الزمنيــة .
I have studied English for the last week.

Since
بعـدهـا بدايـة مـده زمنيـة ( غيـر محـددة )
He has travelled since 1995.
He has learned to drive since last month.
     كما تستخـدم   since كـأداة ربــط.
مضـارع تـام    since     ماضي بسيــط
I have played football since I was seven.
She has studied English since she finished secondary school.
v  المضارع التـام فى المبنى للمجهول :ـ
( have – has ) + been  +  pp
Active
: He has written the letter.

Passive
: The letter has been written.


Active
: We have built a new house.

Passive
: A new house has been built by us.

Past perfect

الماضي التـام

    الماضي التـام:ـ هـو فعــل حدث واكتمـل في الماضي ويتكـون من :

had + pp


She had cooked lunch

I had studied English .
She had won the cup.

He had finished work.


    الكلمـات الـدالـة عليـه:ـ
   After
بعد
when
عندما
By the time
في وقت
before
قبل
As soon as
بمجرد أن
no sooner.. than
لم يكد … حتى
till – until
حتى
the moment
فى لحظة أن



After    ماضي تـام    ماضي بسـيـط

After I had done my homework, I watched TV .
v    هـذه الجمـلة Complex وعنـد تحـويلهــا إلى Simple نستخـدم :ـ
After       (اسـم ) or ( v + ing ) ماضي بسـيـط

Having    pp التصريـف الثالث       ماضي بسـيـط 





After doing my homework, I watched TV .            ( Having )
Having done my homework, I watched TV .
First he played, then he washed .                           ( After )
After he had played, he washed .                           ( Having )
Having played, he washed .

ماضي تــام    before  ماضي بسـيـط

I did my homework                           I went to bed .            ( before )
I had done my homework before I went to bed .

Before I went to bed, I had done my homework .
v    هـذه الجمـلة Complex وعنـد تحـويلهــا إلى Simple نستخـدم :ــ

   or ( v + ing ) (اسـم) before  ماضي تــام

I had done my homework before going to bed .
Before going to bed, I had done my homework







ماضي بسيط غالبا منفى   till – until  ماضي تــام

I went to bed.                          I did my homework .                        ( until )
I didn’t go to bed till ( until ) I had done my homework .             ( It was only )
It was only when  ماضي تــام  ماضي بسيـط


It was only when I had done my homework, I went to bed.

v    هـذه الجمـلة Complex وعنـد تحـويلهــا إلى Simple نستخـدم:ـ

ماضي بسيط غالبا منفى   till – until (اسـم ) or ( v + ing )

I didn’t go to bed till ( until ) doing my homework .

As soon as  ماضي تــام    ماضي بسيـط

I went out.                              I met my friend.         ( As soon as )
As soon as I had gone out, I met my friend .         ( Immediately )
v    هـذه الجمـلة Complex وعنـد تحـويلهــا إلى Simple نستخـدم :ـ

ماضي بسيـط   )or ( v + ing ( اسـم)  Immediately on 

Immediately on going out, I met my friend .

When       ماضي تـام  ماضي بسيــط

I had finished work.              I left the office.           ( When )
When I had finished work, I left the office.    ( On
    هـذه الجمـلة Complex وعنـد تحـويلهــا إلى Simple نستخـدم :ـ
ماضي بسيــط   )or ( v + ing ( اسـم ) On

On finishing work, I left the office.

The moment  ماضي تـام      ماضي بسيــط

I had finished work.              I left the office.          (Themoment )
The moment I had finished work, I left the office.




By          ماضي بسـيـط   ماضي تــام

By   فتـرة زمنيـة        ماضي تــام

I arrived the cinema.             the film had started .           ( By )
By the time I arrived the cinema , the film had started .

By the year 1990, I had learnt English .










No sooner

than


Scarcely
ماضي تـــام
when
ماضي بسـيــط


Hardly

when

Only just

when


هـذه الكلمـات لـهـا طـريقتـان في الربـط :ـ
1)  في أول الجمــلة تكـون على صيغـة استفهـام. 2) بعـد الفاعل تكـون الجمـلة خبريـة .
He arrived at the station .                            The train left .            ( No sooner )
No sooner had he arrived at the station than the train left .
He had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left .      ( Immediately )
v    هـذه الجمـلة  Complex وعنـد تحـويلهــا إلى Simple نستخـدم :ـ

Immediately after اسـم)) or ( v + ing ( مـاضى بسيـط

Immediately after his arrival at the station, the train left.
  الماضى التام فى المبنى للمجهول :ـ
had been +  pp
Active
: The teacher had explained the lesson.

Passive
: The lesson had been explained by the teacher.

Active
: Ahmed had done homework.


Passive
: Homework had been done by Ahmed.

المضـــارع التـام

Choose the correct answer
(WB- SB)
. I …………….the newspaper every day .Now I don’t have the time
a) was reading                 b) reads                       c) had read                     d) used to read
………………………… As soon as we arrived at school , the first lesson
a) began                           b) begins                      c) was beginning           d) begin
.I ……….the film before I read the book
a) already had seen        b) was already seeing    c) had already seen    d) already saw
.What …………..when I called you ? You sounded very busy
a) did you do                   b) do you do                 c) have you done          d) were you doing
.I ………….my own computer for three years now
a) had                               b) have                          c) was having                d) have had
.While she …………her homework , her sister was listening to music
a) was doing                   b) did                              c) have done                 d) does
.Our block of flats ………….five years ago
a) were building             b) built                           c) was built                    d) were built
.I ……….to a football match at the weekend
a) was taken                   b) took                           c) take                            d) is taken
.Yesterday evening the programme ………………by a million people
a) was watching            b) was being watched      c) had been watching     d) watched
.The window at school ………….this morning
a) were cleaned             b) is cleaned                  c) was cleaned              d) being cleaned b
.We ………….that we have to give in our homework on Thursday
a) were told                   b) told                             c) tells                             d) are telling
.Five trees ……………down in the park
a) cut                       b) were cut                      c) is cut                           d) were cutting
.I …………reading novels since I was a young child
a) has enjoyed            b) enjoyed                        c) have enjoyed             d) had enjoyed
.Yesterday , my sister ……………me .a book after she had finished reading it the day before
a) gives                       b) has given                      c) is given                      d) gave
.The letters were delivered while I ……………the newspaper
a) was reading            b) was read                      c) have read                   d) read
.This book …………….by a famous writer
a) wrote                       b) was written                  c) was writing                d) writes
.I ………..at least one book a week , but now I don’t read so many
a) have read               b) reads                             c) used to read              d) was read
.It’s more than 20 years ……………I travelled abroad
a) while                       b) before                            c) when                          d) since
 …………..seeing the road accident , the motorist drove more carefully
a) On                     b) Without                         c) Despite                       d) Over
.No sooner ………..the noise than we rushed to the spot
a) had we heard         b) did we hear                  c) we had heard             d) we did hear
.Ali …………for work forever a year before he finally got a job
a) has been looking     b) had looked                   c) had been looking      d) has looked
.We have stayed here since my father ……………in the company
a) worked                     b) has worked                 c) was working              d) works
23- She has put on weight …………
a) just                           b) yet                                c) recently                      d) ever
.I …………this exciting film , but I’m going to see it again tonight
a) saw                           b) see                               c) have seen                  d) had seen
………………When I arrived home , I discovered that all my money
a) had been stolen      b) had stolen                   c) was stolen                 d) stole
.While ……………..the match , the light went out
a) was watching          b) were watching            c) to watch                     d) watching
.I haven’t seen Sami …………….  over ten years
a) for                             b) since                           c) just                             d) never
.My last novel ……………six times before I was happy with it
a) changed                   b) was changed              c) changes                    d) has changed

.By the time Ali was eleven , he ………….how to write
a) had taught               b) has taught                   c) was teaching            d) had been taught
.I went to the restaurant with my friends but I …………….anything
a) haven’t eaten          b) didn’t eat                      c) wasn’t eaten            d) don’t eat
.After …………..the homework , we decided to got out for a walk
a) to do                        b) had done                      c) has done                   d) doing
.He ………..buy things in cash. Now he has a credit card
a) used to                    b) didn’t use to                c) used                           d) is used to
.While I was writing a story , I ………….of the next one
a) was thought            b) thinking                       c) was thinking             d) is thought
.Maha ………….to the dentist after school yesterday
a) took                         b) is taken                        c) was taking                 d) was taken
.At seven o’clock yesterday I …………….a story
a) was reading            b) read                              c) was read                    d) am reading
.It’s three years ……… I last saw Omar
a) for                            b) just                               c) since                           d) recently
.Osama arrived home at 7 o’clock .Since then he …………….his lessons
a) have studied           b) studied                         c) studies                       d) has studies
.My parents moved to this house three yeas ago , we ………….here for three years .
a) has lived                  b) have lived                    c) were lived                  d) lived
.She ………….for the job recently
a) had applied              b) has applied                  c) had been applied       d) applied
.Has Ahmed done the homework …………..? I’m very surprised of his speed
a) just                           b) ever                               c) yet                                d) already

Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly
Twenty million people see the match yesterday.   saw
My parents use to live in a small flat .   used
We revised for our test when the light went out.  were revising
She played the piano since the age of six.  has played
Our block built five years ago.      was built
It’s time he comes to school.  came
Hala had not seen the film last week.   did not see
While was reading , the light turned off. .  reading
No sooner he had reached the station than the train left..  had he
English had learned by Ali.  had been learned
His novel changed into a film.     was made
The letter was posted after it had written .    had been written
After play the game , he washed.   playing
Did you used to smoke when you were young?    use
Have you never visited the valley of kings?     ever
While the match , he was injured.   During
Having wake up , he switched on TV.  waken up
My son born in 2004.  was born
My brother will go to Paris, he came back last week.  has been
As he was carrying the vase, he had dropped it on the floor.  dropped
The washing machine delivers while I was reading the newspaper.              was delivered
I am used to reading at least one book a week, but now I don’t read so many.              used to read
While I come to school today, I saw an old friend.              was coming
At six o’clock yesterday evening, I am watching TV.                  was watching
Five years ago, I am used to ride a bicycle.         used
I used reading the newspaper every day. Now I don’t have the time.                    to read
As soon as we arrived at school, the first lesson begins.                               began
What did you do when I called you? You sounded very busy.                    were you doing
I had my own computer for 3 years now.                 have had
While my sister does her homework, she was listening to music.              was doing
          All the students in my class pass the exam already.               have already passed
My parents use to live in a small flat in the city centre.                used
Yesterday evening, we revised for our English test when all the lights went out.        were revising
I attend this school for five years.           have attended
Our school was opening exactly 25 years ago today.       opened
She played the piano since the age of six and she still plays every day.     has played
Our block of flats build five years ago.                was built
Five trees cutting down a week ago.                    were cut
Yesterday evening, the programme to watch by a million people.                     was being watched
The room clean when the earthquake happened.                was being cleaned
………………I think / don’t think that
………….In my opinion , it / they (is –are – was – were )
 ………………….I’d say that
……..As far as I’m concerned
Important sentences
Early black and white photos show people in old-fashioned clothes
.My sister loves clothes and buys very fashionable dresses
.The Sun is at its strongest at midday
.I do not really have a routine during the holidays
.Haqqi is the pioneer of the Arabic short story
.The Wright brothers were the pioneers of flying
.Magdi Yacoub was one of the first heart transplant pioneers
.My daily routine starts when my alarm clock goes off at 6.30
 My friend and I are going to enter an athletics competition. We all hope to win something
.When I was at school, I won a poetry writing competition
I sent an e-mail with two attachments They were photos of my friends
.I really enjoyed this book. It is written in a very simple style
.Yehia Haqqi came from a poor district of Cairo
My brother wants to be a lawyer when he graduates, so he’s studying law at university
Scientists are paid to develop new medicines every year to help people
In my grandfather’s village, they still follow the same traditional customs that he used to follow when he was a boy
A publisher is someone who produces books, newspapers or magazines
My parents gave me a collection of modern short stories for my birthday
Sitting much in front of the computer always gives me a headache
.Yehia Haqqi was an important twentieth century writer
. Alfred Farag is a famous Egyptian playwright
.I had already seen the film before I read the book
.We arrived late. The film had begun half an hour earlier
.After completing you exam, put your pencils on your desks
Before the trees were cut down, there had been a beautiful landscape
.By the time we arrived home, we had travelled over 500 km
 .I felt ill all night because I had eaten too much the day before
.As soon as the photo had been taken, I saw it
.It ‘s been raining for the past three hours
.I have had my own computer for three years now
My sister has been at university for three years. She comes home every weekend
?What were you doing when I called you
While I was doing my homework, my sister was listening to music
.As soon as we arrived at school, the first lesson began
.On hearing he had passed his driving test, Taha was very happy
My grandfather established this company sixty years ago
.At her first school, she had to wear ablue uniform
I used to read the newspaper everyday. Now I don’t have the time
.Ali is used to travelling by sea
.When I was younger, I used to go swimming every day