انجليزى – unit 14 للصف الثالث الثانوى 2016

Henry Pulling is a retired bank manager and lives a very conventional life. His mother dies just after he retires. At the funeral, he meets his Aunt. Augusta, a woman in her seventies who he has not seen for 50 years. Aunt Augusta has travelled all over the world. From everything she says, it is obvious that Augusta has lived an adventurous unconventional life

After the funeral, Henry and Augusta meet again and, despite having very different personalities, they get on well.  Augusta tells Henry things about his family that he never knew. Augusta then persuades Henry to go travelling with her, at first to places in England, but gradually to more exciting destinations. Until now, Henry has lived, a quiet life; most of the people he knows are bank customers or colleagues.

One   day,   Augusta tells   Henry   she is taking him to Istanbul. He is surprised by this sudden announcement. He is used to planning everything he does, but Augusta is always spontaneous and seems to make decisions without thinking. On the journey to Istanbul, Henry finds out more about his aunt’s unusual lifestyle and her past. As they travel, Henry sees new cultures for the first time and Augusta introduces him to her old friends who all have exciting and unusual stories to tell. Henry is often surprised by what he hears, but begins to enjoy himself more and more.

When he returned to England, Henry enjoys his retirement looking after the flowers in his garden, but he is a changed man. He misses his aunt and her interesting friends, and Augusta has shown him a new way of looking at the world.

 Vocabulary:

Language Notes

trip   رحلة (عادة قصيرة)     

• He went on a school trip to Disneyland.

tour   جولة     

• The prime minister has left for a three-week tour of South America.

voyage   رحلة بحرية     

• The voyage from England to India used to take six months.

cruise   رحلة بحرية من أجل المتعة     

• He went on a Nile cruise with his friends.

expedition   رحلة استكشافية (رحلة منظمة لأماكن غير مألوفة) / رحلة قصيرة لغرض معين     

• He went on an expedition to the North Pole.

• We’re going on a shopping expedition on Saturday.

frighten = scare     يُخيف     

• Computers used to frighten me, but not now.

fear      يخاف     

• Police fear that there may be further terrorist attacks.

recipe      (وصفة (طريقة عمل وجبة معينة              ۩ prescription      (وصفة طبية (روشتة     

• Could you give me the recipe for that chocolate cake?

• I got the prescription filled on the way home.

 spontaneous      عفوي / تلقائي / بدون تخطيط      ۩ simultaneous      شيء يحدث في نفس الوقت     

• Her offer of help was spontaneous.

• The speeches will be broadcast live, with simultaneous translation.

Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:

Choose the correct answer:

Charles Dickens was one of the nineteenth century’s most famous (storytellers – bestsellers – fortunetellers – tellers).

After the (enhancement – embarrassment – engagement – excitement) of the day, the children couldn’t sleep.

Many people agree that Shakespeare is the most (infectious – illegal – influential – initial) writer in the English language.

Children who (fully – bully – truly – awfully) other children at school should be sent home.

My cousin believes in (spontaneity – stupidity – ambiguity – brutality). He never plans what he’s going to do.

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:

1-    He is a retired bank manager and lives a confessional life.                                             conventional

2-     I can think of so many things I’ll really mess when I leave.                                                 miss

3-     I love working abroad and meeting people from different culprits .                                 cultures

4-    He was surprised by her sudden advertisement that she was going to resign.          announcement

5-    I finally managed to precede my parents to let me go out with my friends.                   persuade

Conjunctions

¨and:         ¨ We went shopping. We visited some friends.

¨We went shopping and visited some friends.

¨Besides + v-ingبالإضافة إلى

•  Besides going shopping, we visited some friends.

¨In addition to + v- ingبالإضافة إلي   

• In addition to going shopping, we visited some friends.

¨ In addition بالإضافة إلى ذلك + جملة 

   ¨We went shopping. In addition, we visited some friends.

¨as well as + V-ingبالإضافة إلي

• As well as going shopping, we visited some friends.

¨لاحظ أن الفاعل واحد في الجملتين في المثال السابق

¨إذا استخدمت   as well as في ربط  جملتين  يختلف فيهما الفاعل ، فان الفعل يتبع الفاعل الأول:

• I am very keen on politics.           My brother is very keen on politics.

I as well as my brother am very keen on politics.

¨not only …….. but also                            ليس فقط .. ولكن أيضا              

¨not only …….. but …… as well          ليس فقط .. ولكن … أيضا 

• We not only went shopping, but also we visited some friends.

• We not only went shopping, but we visited some friends as well.

¨إذا بدأت الجملة بـ   Not only يستخدم بعدها صيغة سؤال

• Not only did we go shopping, but also we visited some friends.

¨تستخدم   V+ ing   إذا كان الفاعل واحد في الجملتين عند استخدام due to / because of / through / owing to/on account of  / as a result of / thanks to

Examples:

• Many exam candidates lose marks because they do not read the questions properly.

         = Many exam candidates lose marks because of not reading the questions properly

• We didn’t enjoy the day because the weather was awful.

= We didn’t enjoy the day because of the awful weather.

• The documents have been lost as you are careless.

=Thanks to your carelessness, the documents have been lost

• He didn’t go out because he was ill.

= Being ill, he didn’t go out.

  So  لذلك  / That’s why  / Therefore لذلك  / Consequently بالتالي / Thus / For this reason

• Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire. It would be almost impossible to prove him guilty.

= Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire, so it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty.

• The machine is very old. I don’t expect it to work very well.

   The machine is very old; therefore I don’t expect it to work very well.

¨الروابط الدالة علي التناقض:

  Although/ Though / Even though بالرغم من

• She was in poor health. She continued to carry out her duties.

    Although she was in poor health, she continued to carry out her duties.

¨لاحظ ترتيب الجمل مع although / though / even though  حيث أن الحدث غيرا لمتوقع يأتي في الجملة الثانية .  

 ¨و في المثال السابق نجد أن الحدث غير المتوقع هو  she continued to carry out her duties

• Although the car’s old, it still runs well.

         In spite of being old, the car still runs well.

• There has been international pressure. Progress has slowed in the peace talks.

   Despite international pressure, progress has slowed in the peace talks.

• In spite of the fact that                      

            Despite     the fact that             جملة

• Although she joined the company only a year ago, she’s already been promoted twice.

    Despite joining the company only a year ago, she’s already been promoted twice.

    Despite the fact that she joined the company only a year ago, she’s already been promoted twice.

¨يمكن استخدام  as   بمعني “بالرغم من” وفي هذه الحالة يكون ترتيب الجملة كالتالي:

• Though it may seem strange, I like housework.

   Strange as it may seem, I like housework.

¨و يمكن استخدام though   بنفس الطريقة السابقة:

• Strange though it may seem, I like housework.

¨أحيانا تستخدمwhile   بمعني although:

• While there was no conclusive حاسم evidence, most people thought he was guilty.

¨يمكن استخدام التصريف الثالث بعد although  إذا كانت الجملة أصلا في المبني للمجهول:

• Although built a long time ago, the house is still in good condition.

= Although the house was built a long time ago, it is still in good condition.

• They rushed to the hospital. They were too late.

   They rushed to the hospital, but they were too late.

• They rushed to the hospital; however, they were too late.

  They rushed to the hospital. However, they were too late.

• He is young. He is strong.

    He is young, but he is strong.

   He is young. However, he is strong.

¨لاحظ أنه إذا بدأت الجملة بـ  However   يأتي بعدها الصفة أو الحال ثم الفاعل و الفعل وفي هذه الحالة يكون معناها بالرغم من (= although)

He studied hard. He got low marks.

However hard he studied, he got low marks. = Although he studied hard, he got low marks.

While + past continuous —————past simple

I bought a magazine while I was waiting for the train.

¨في حالة عدم وجود فاعل بعد الكلمات الآتية يُستخدم فعل مضاف له ing :

While / after / before

• They were killed while attempting to reach the summit.

= They were killed while they were attempting to reach the summit.

• After signing the papers, they left the office.

=After they had signed the papers, they left the office.

• Before getting the licence, he had passed the test.

=Before he got the licence, he had passed the test.

When + فاعل   +  فعل  = On + V+ing

• When he left university, he got a job as a scientist.

   On leaving university, he got a job as a scientist.

Exercises on Grammar

Choose the correct answer:

I’ve read the book, (but – so – if – when) I haven’t seen the film yet.

(Because – Although – So – When) I have not seen him before, I knew who he was.

(In spite – Although – Despite – Because) being nearly 60 years old, Ali still plays football every week.

He was happy (although – despite – as well as – as) he got 98% in the maths test.

She didn’t understand the homework, (despite – so – because – while) she asked her teacher to explain it again.

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:

On met Graham Greene in Mexico, I was very impressed by the man.                 meeting

Although moving to the healthy air of Switzerland, he died in 1991.                  Despite

What I was on holiday, I took some great photos.                                                 When

Despite we ran as fast as we could, we missed the bus.                                     Although

After he losing his job, Ali worked for a children’s charity.                                   losing

Language Functions: