انجليزى – unit 13 للصف الثالث الثانوى 2016

Florence Nightingale

Florence Nightingale was born in 1820 into a wealthy family in Italy, but grew up and went to school in England. When she was 17, she decided that she wanted to be a nurse, although her family did not think that this was a suitable job for their young daughter. However, Florence’s work in a London hospital was so effective that the British government asked her to be in charge of the nursing of wounded soldiers abroad. After working in Europe, she returned to England and opened the Nightingale School of Nursing in London, the first school of this kind.

The Queen of the Air

Amy Johnson was from the north of England and first became interested in flying while she was working as a secretary in London. In 1929, she was awarded her pilot’s licence and a year later tried to break the record for a solo flight from Britain to Australia. She flew alone from London to Darwin in a small plane. This took 19 days and she stopped many times in Europe, Asia and on islands in the Pacific Ocean. Although Amy missed the record by just three days, she became very popular with the British people, who called her the Queen of the Air. Amy Johnson made many other long-distance flights, and in 1936 broke the record for a solo flight from London to South Africa. She also flew planes for the British army during the Second World War, and was killed in a plane crash in 1941.

Words that go together

Language Notes

teach   يُلِم / يُدرِس                                                                 learn   يتعلم

• She taught English to foreign students.

• I’m learning to play the piano.

For this reason, … ولهذا السبب

• He was so ill. For this reason, he didn’t go to work.

¨لا تستخدم  the  قبل كلمة   next   إذا جاءت بعدها كلمات تدل علي الزمن

next week / next summer

• She’s travelling to London next Monday.

  
  
  

¨تستخدم  the  قبل كلمة   next   إذا جاءت بعدها اسم

¨The next book I’m going to read is Gulliver’s Travels.

• Read the next two chapters before Friday.

• between  بين اثنين                                   ·she sat between her parents.

• among  بين أكثر من اثنين                 ·This mountain is among the highest in the world.

¨On (his) own   وحيد / بمفرده   of (his) own   تدل علي الملكية

• I’ve been living on my own for four years now.

• I’d like to have a place of my own.

Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:

Choose the correct answer:

1-    My older brother has a (decree – degree – licence – permission) in Maths from Cairo University.

2-    Nurses have an important (row – rule – role - rate) in looking after patients in a hospital.

3-    My parents have always (disappointed – depressed – discouraged – encouraged) me to work hard at school.

4-    I’d prefer not to talk about that. It’s something very (personal – public – famous – physical).

5-    Your grades are (impress – impressive – impression – impressed), Jena.

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:

1-    I tried taking tablets for the headache but they didn’t have any affection.                      effect

2-    Applicants must have a degrade in Engineering.                                                                 degree

3-    Children need lots of disappointment when they’re learning new things.                encouragement

4-    Parents play an important reel in their child’s learning.                                                       role

5-    He was arrested for driving without a degree.                                                                     License

Relative Clauses  عبارات الوصل

¨يستخدم ضمير الوصل لربط جملتين و يحل محل اسم أو ضمير موجود غالبا في الجملة الثانية:

¨تستخدم who  لتحل محل الفاعل  أو المفعول. أما whom فتحل محل المفعول فقط و غالبا تستخدم مكانها who:

• This is the woman. She owns the house.

This is the woman who owns the house.

• I spent two hours talking to Ali. I’d met him only once before.

I spent two hours talking to Ali, whom / who I’d met only once before.

¨ تستخدم which  لتحل محل الفاعل و المفعول غير العاقل:

• The job was very tiring.       He applied for it a week ago.

The job which (that) he applied for a week ago was very tiring.

The job for which he applied a week ago was very tiring.

¨ لاحظ استخدام which  لتشير إلي جملة كاملة قبلها:

• He got very bad marks in the test, which made his parents very sad.

¨تستخدم whose    للملكية.

• The man felt very sad. His wife died in the accident.

The man whose wife died in the accident felt very sad.

¨لاحظ أن هناك نوعان من عبارات الوصل ،  النوع الأول يعطي معلومة أساسية عن الشيء أو الشخص أو المكان الذي نتحدث عنه ونستخدم في هذا النوع  who / which / whom   ولا نستخدم  comma   قبل أو بعد عبارة الوصل. ويمكن استخدام that   بدلا من ضمائر الوصل المذكورة .

• The company which / that he works for sells computer.

The company for which he works sells computer

• The woman who / that killed her husband was sentenced to death.  حكم عليها بالإعدام

¨والنوع الثاني لا تقدم عبارة الوصل معلومة هامة عن الشيء أو الشخص أو المكان الذي نتحدث عنه ولا بد من استخدام  comma   قبل وبعد عبارة الوصل و لا تستخدم  that    في هذا النوع:

• Mr. Ahmed, who is 45 years old, is a famous politician.

• The company, which is in Cairo, employed 200 people.

  
  
  

¨لاحظ أن  that / who  لا يسبقهما حرف جر:

• The man for whom he works is German.

• The man that he works for is German.

• The man who / whom he works for is German.

¨لاحظ استخدام that  بعد صفات التفضيل للإشارة إلي غير العاقل: 

¨وفي حالة وجود عاقل مع صفات التفضيل يمكن أن نستخدم that  أو  who:

• This is the best book that I have ever read.

• He was the best king that / who ever sat on the throne. العرش

What = the thing that / the things that

• The things that we saw astonished us. = What we saw astonished us.

• The thing that annoys him is that his friend always comes late.

= What annoys him is that his friend always comes late.

¨يمكن استخدام  to + inf. بدلا من عبارة الوصل إذا كان ضمير الوصل في الجملة يحل محل الفاعل وفي حالة وجود ما يلي :

The first / second/last/only

• Ali was the first student who arrived at school.

= Ali was the first student to arrive at school.

¨لاحظ تركيب الجملة الآتية:

It + is / was +  اسم + who / that …

It + is / was  + اسم  + which / that …

It was Peter who broke the window.

It was the bus that delayed us.

¨ يمكن حذف ضمير الوصل في الحالات الآنية  (مع ضرورة حذف TO BE  أيضا):

    إذا كان بعده مبنى للمجهول :

• The book was made into a film. It was written 20 years ago.

The book which was written 20 years ago was made into a film.

The book written 20 years ago was made into a film.

    أو إذا كان بعده  جار و مجرور (حرف جر واسم):

• The book is about famous writers. It is on the second shelf.

The book (which is) on the second shelf is about famous writers.

  أو إذا كان بعده اسم أو  صفة بعدها اسم:

• John Smith was interviewed on TV. He is a famous runner.

John Smith, (who is) a famous runner, was interviewed on TV.

¨تستخدم  where  بدلا من which و حرف جر إذا كانت تدل على مكان أو بدلا من  there

• 
  

  The shop was so big. He worked in it.

The shop in which he worked was so big.

The shop where he worked was so big.

¨تستخدم  when  بدلا من which و حرف إذا كانت تدل على زمن:

¨ The day was remembered for long. They met on it.

The day on which they met was remembered for long.

The day when they met was remembered for long.

¨لابد من استخدام ضمير الوصل إذا جاء في مكان الفاعل و بعده الفعل:

¨إذا حذف ضمير الوصل و كانت الجملة معلوم  Active نستخدم :V.+ ING

• The man is very kind.  He works in this office.

The man who works in this office is very kind.

The man working in this office is very kind.

¨ يمكن حذف ضمير الوصل إذا جاء مكان المفعول:

• The officer treated me very well. I met him at the police station.

The officer whom/ who/ that I met at the police station treated me very well.

The officer I met at the police station treated me very well.

Exercises on Grammar

Choose the correct answer:

My penfriend, (who – that – where – when) lives in Sweden, is studying biology at university.

Aisha, (which – whom – whose – that) father is a well-known doctor, is my best friend at school.

My brother (whom – whose – where – that) lives in New York is going to visit us soon.

Fruit (when – that – where – what) ripens on the tree tastes best.

Our flat, (which – that – whose – where) is on the fifth floor, overlooks the Nile.

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:

1837 was the year where Victoria became queen of Britain.                                                                   when

I’ve just read a newspaper article in that the life of a famous woman is described in detail.             which

My sister went to London University, what she studied history.                                                             where

Lord of the Flies is a story in whom a group of school boys are shipwrecked on an island.                which

She asked me where I had been, to that I replied, “It’s a secret”.                                                         which

 Language Functions:

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